INCE - Instituto Nacional de Cinema Educativo

A panoramic view of the architecture of St. João Del Rei.

A Velha a Fiar illustrates a Brazilian folk song in which a being or entity is always predating another being, but is in its turn predated by some other animal, until the circle closes. It begins like this: an old woman is quietly weaving and a fly disturbs her; a spider eats the fly; a mouse eats the spider; a cat chases the mouse and so on...

O Descobrimento do Brasil (The Discovery of Brazil) is an impressive historical epic recreating Álvares Cabral’s voyage to the New World in 1500, with a score especially written by the renowned composer, Heitor Villa-Lobos. One of the earliest examples of Brazilian cinema, this film depicts the perilous journey of Pedro Álvares Cabral’s armada from Portugal to Brazil. Though somewhat rudimentary compared to other films of the period, The Discovery of Brazil distinguishes itself with its scenes of indigenous people and Portuguese explorers on the beach, and in the imaginative lighting on board the ship. But the real star is the beautiful cantata by Villa-Lobos that permeates the film.

Aspects of the city of Congonhas do Campo. The preponderance of baroque architecture, the Basilica of Senhor Bom Jesus de Matozinho, the six chapels on the terrace leading to Morro do Maranhão. Each chapel contains statues representing moments of the Passion of Christ. While in the first chapel there is Santa Ceia figuration, in the second there is the Passo Horto scene. The kiss of betrayal and the imprisonment of Christ before the scene of the third chapel. In the fourth, two scenes are gathered: the coronation and the flagellation. On the fifth, the Christ bears the cross and the crucifixion is featured in the sixth chapel. The twelve apostles of Aleijadinho and the Latin inscriptions of each one. The interior of the Basilica and its main altar, with the figure of the Lord Dead.

Animations (only parts in nuclei in the film) and images, many of them archival and foreign, illustrate that the notion of time is associated with movement and its measurement is performed by the rotation of the Earth around its axis and the Sun. The angle of inclination of the Earth in this last movement also marks the climatic seasons. From the need for greater accuracy in measuring time, gnomons and solar quadrants arose, for whose reading the duodecimal numbering is used. Based on this numbering, time zones and mechanical measuring devices were established, illustrated by the clock mechanism with a church bell. The evolution of astronomy determines the creation of more accurate electronic devices for the evaluation of time, such as the meridian telescope, the Markowitz chamber, the electronic oscillators and the telescope, with which astronomers work at the National Observatory.

Aspects of the life of the Kamaiurá, an indigenous tribe that inhabits the Upper Xingu. The manioc-based food, the training with bow and arrow and the work carried out by the young Indian, the girls learn how to spin, and the boys develop the knowledge of the tribe with the shamans. An important rite is the Kuarup, which honors a great dead leader. The procedures for the rite: the decoration of tree trunks, the painting of bodies, the dance choreography, the physical confrontation between the Indians. Finally, the trunks are taken by children to the waters of the Xingu River.

Between captured images, animations and scientific descriptions, the puraquê electric fish is presented through the eyes of Humberto Mauro and Carlos Chagas Filho.

A brief history of paper and the stages of its production. An animation about the history of writing, the emergence of paper in ancient civilizations and the invention of printing, taking paper manufacturing to an industrial scale. Paper production in Brazil, with emphasis on the use of pine, eucalyptus and bamboo. At Companhia Mineira de Papéis, in Cataguases, the stages of paper making. Paper consumption and its production in tons in Brazil since 1939. Brazilian self-sufficiency and the use of paper in various activities.

The popular song Chuá Chuá, illustrated with scenes of rural life. Girl observes in window. A fountain drains water. A flower. The cattle grazing. River waters. Man seen from window of wattle and daub house. Girl hangs cage with bird. Man walks towards the gate. Ducks in river drink water. The popular song A Casinha Pequenina, illustrated with scenes from rural life. Hut surrounded by banana trees and a coconut tree. Children walk hand in hand, sit on the riverbank. Birds in cages. Again the little house and the vegetation that surrounds it, especially the coconut tree.

A panel of the capital of Minas Gerais at the end of the 1950s. Aspects of its modern layout, the result of a pre-established urban plan, with its communication routes, squares and public buildings. Understanding the history of the city and its geographical location. Considerations on teaching, commerce and industry. Pampulha and residential neighborhoods.

An amalgamation of accents and life experiences from different parts of Brazil reunited on the city of Brasília.

At the Rockefeller Foundation, the rat colony for experiments with viruses and antibodies in humans. In Ilha dos Macacos, next to the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, in Rio de Janeiro, the creation of Rhesus monkey by the Rockefeller Foundation - a primate species that allows the monitoring of experimental yellow fever.